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I've been working on a nagging problem with my '69 fastback relating to cold starts and running rich in general. It has been carbon fouling plugs and gets about 12 mpg. On cold start, engine lopes as if missing on one hole. THEN idle "hunts" between 1000 - 2000 rpm, THEN calms to the higher idle once fully warmed. To further compound my situation, I've learned that my 69 engine was replaced with a 70 engine that used a fresh air temp sensor instead of crankcase (oil) temperature sensor. The net effect is that I've got a wiring pigtail dangling where there should be a crankcase sensor (at the aux. air switch atop the crankcase). The following info that Dave Johnson offered has raised some questions: "The thermo switch does nothing until the engine temp reaches "a high activating temperature (+50 degrees F and 32 degrees F)" My 69 had a crankcase temp sensor and a clyinder head temp sensor. Correct me if I'm wrong, both act to enrich fuel at cold start-ups, then leans the mixture as the engine warms to full operating temp. "The cold starting valve allows fuel enrichment - The valve only operates when the starter is operated with the temperature below that which the thermo switch operates". " To avoid an over rich fuel/air mixture when starting a cold engine at temperature between + 50 F and + 23 F, it is important to hold the throttle valve fully open until the engine fires". My '69 has no cold start valve. It starts very well without touching the throttle at all, but idles roughly until full warm-up. If I open the throttle it tends to flood easily. Has my footless starting been wrong all along? Should SOP be to put my foot into it? Help. pete schutza ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ List info at http://www.vwtype3.org/list | mailto:gregm@vwtype3.org