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On 19 Jan 2001, at 9:35, vwfye@micron.net wrote: > THere is also a thread about this running in the hipo circles. it > seems that the 8mm were used to get a better expansion compatibility > with the case itself. Right. The thinner studs are more "elastic", meaning that it takes less force to stretch them the same amount of length. In this case, "stretch" refers to elastic deformation, which is not permanent. Thus when the cylinders heat up and expand they force the studs to stretch some amount. With the thinner studs, the increase in clamping force produced by the thin studs will be less than it would have been with the 10mm studs. This is a perfect example of good engineering prevailing over "stronger is better." In this case VW substituted a more flexible part which reduced the stress on another part. The end result was a better engine. - Jim Adney jadney@vwtype3.org Madison, WI 53711-3054 USA ------------------------------------------------------------------- List info at http://www.vwtype3.org/list or mailto:help@vwtype3.org